Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, which is generally known as PCOS, is a hormonal disorder that influences a large number of women throughout their reproductive years and causes changes in the way the ovaries function together with alterations in hormone levels, ovulation patterns, and metabolism.
If you find that your periods are changing continuously, or that you are experiencing new hair growth, acne, or other symptoms associated with hormonal changes, it is advisable to talk to your general practitioner so that your concerns can be evaluated and it can be decided whether further investigation is necessary.

What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

PCOS is a disorder linked to an imbalance of hormones and to changes in ovarian function. In many cases women who have PCOS exhibit higher levels of androgens, since these are hormones that play a role in reproductive development and other bodily functions.
The term PCOS refers to the presence of numerous small follicles, which may be observed on the ovaries when an ultrasound is performed. It is not the case that all individuals with PCOS show this feature, and the presence of ovarian cysts does not always indicate that someone has PCOS.

What Are the Common Symptoms of PCOS?

The symptoms of PCOS usually develop gradually and differ from person to person. Typical signs are:

• Irregular or Absent Periods
For some women with PCOS the intervals between their periods may be longer, their bleeding may be irregular, or they may have fewer periods than would be expected. Such changes generally occur since hormonal imbalance interferes with ovulation.

• Excess Hair Growth
In some women who have PCOS the level of androgens is higher, which causes hair growth on areas such as the face, chest, abdomen or back.

• Acne or Oily Skin
The hormonal changes associated with PCOS may lead to greater oil production in the skin. Several women observe persistent acne, oily skin, or alterations in skin texture, especially in the area around the jawline, on the face, chest, or back.

• Weight Changes
Women who have PCOS may find it difficult to manage their weight or may observe a gain in weight around their abdomen. Insulin resistance is common in women with PCOS and has an impact on the way the body handles glucose.

• Hair Thinning
The hormonal changes associated with PCOS may lead to hair becoming thinner on the scalp. Hair thinning is often associated with a pattern that relates to androgen sensitivity, and other possible causes such as thyroid disorders, nutritional deficiencies, stress, and other hormonal changes should also be considered.

• Difficulty Conceiving
PCOS is one of the common reasons for ovulation problems, a condition which can sometimes influence fertility. If ovulation does not take place on a regular basis, it may take longer to become pregnant. Many people suffering from PCOS can achieve pregnancy with the right medical support and fertility care.

What Causes PCOS?

It is not entirely known what causes PCOS. Genetic and hormonal factors together play a role in its development. Insulin resistance, higher androgen levels, and alterations in ovarian function are all often found in individuals with PCOS.

Can PCOS Symptoms Vary Between Women?

One person might mainly experience irregular periods, while another might notice acne, excess hair growth, weight changes, or fertility concerns.
Symptoms also change over time. Some women first notice issues during adolescence, while others receive a diagnosis later when fertility or menstrual concerns arise.

How Is PCOS Diagnosed?

No single test diagnoses PCOS. A GP considers your symptoms, medical history, examination findings, and test results together.
• Medical History
During your appointment, the consulting GP might ask about:
• Your menstrual cycle pattern
• Changes in weight
• Skin and hair changes
• Pregnancy history
• Medicines
• Family history of hormonal conditions or diabetes

• Physical Examination
The doctor might check signs related to hormonal changes, including skin changes, hair growth patterns, weight, blood pressure, and other health indicators.
• Blood Tests
Blood tests help assess hormone levels and check for other conditions with similar symptoms.
• Ultrasound When Appropriate
An ultrasound can sometimes be used to examine the ovaries and uterus, and the results contribute to the general evaluation rather than serving as the sole means of diagnosis.

Can PCOS Be Managed?

There is no single method of treating PCOS. The way you are managed will depend on your symptoms, your health objectives, and whether you are planning to have a pregnancy.
Support might include:
• Lifestyle changes to support metabolic health
• Medicines to regulate periods or manage symptoms
• Treatments for acne or excess hair growth
• Fertility support when required
• Regular health monitoring

When Should You See a GP About Possible PCOS?

It’s advisable to seek consultation if you experience:
• Irregular or missed periods
• New facial or body hair growth
• Persistent acne
• Unexplained weight changes
• Hair thinning
• Difficulty becoming pregnant
See that you have an early assessment since it enables the cause of your symptoms to be identified and helps to ensure that you receive appropriate care.

PCOS and Fertility: What Should You Know?

For some women PCOS affects ovulation and this may make it more difficult to get pregnant. Fertility results will differ according to age, ovulation patterns, general health and other factors.
Parkwood Green Medical can help with general practice consultations to women who are experiencing possible signs of PCOS, changes in their menstruation, concerns about their hormones, or questions regarding their fertility.